Botanical descriptions Ecology Distribution Literatures
| Habit : | Evergreen trees up to 20 m tall. |
| Trunk & Bark : | Trunk usually tubercled; bark blackish-grey, lenticels reddish-brown, irregularly flaky; blaze cream. |
| Branches and branchlets : | Branchlets terete, glabrous. |
| Exudates : | Latex white, profuse. |
| Leaves : | Leaves simple, alternate, spiral; stipules oblong or lanceolate, to 5 x 1.8 cm, caducous, leaving annular scar; petiole 1-3 cm long, planoconvex, glabrous; lamina 9-23 x 5-12 cm, usually narrow obovate sometimes elliptic, apex shortly acuminate or obtuse, base cuneate, margin entire (or 3-lobed in saplings), coriaceous, dark green above, glabrous; midrib raised above; secondary_nerves 6-10 pairs, ascending; tertiary_nerves broadly horizontally percurrent. |
| Inflorescence / Flower : | Flowers unisexual, in spikes enclosed by spathe-like bracts; male flowers in narrow cylindrical-oblong catkin on young branches; female flowers usually cauliflorus. |
| Fruit and Seed : | Syncarp (sorosis), large, oblong, with short hard echinate processes. |