Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex Bennett. - SIMAROUBACEAE

Synonym : Irvingia oliveri Pierre

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Botanical descriptions Habitat and ecology Distribution

Botanical descriptions :

Diagnostic characters : Evergreen or deciduous trees, bark smooth or fissured. Leaves simple alternate, elliptic, glabrous. Stipules large, sheathing and leaving an annular scar. Flowers greenish-white, bisexual. Fruits drupaceous, large, green.
Habit : Evergreen or partly deciduous tree up to 40 m tall.
Trunk & bark : Bole straight, buttressed, bark grey-brown, smooth or fissured when old.
Branches and branchlets or twigs : Twigs terete, glabrous.
Exudates : Exudate absent.
Leaves : Leaves simple, alternate and spiral, glabrous, elliptic, apex rounded, base rounded, margin entire.
Midrib flat above, secondary veins oblique, widely parallel, tertiary veins reticulate.
Stipules large, falling off soon, leaving an annular scar.
Inflorescences or flowers : Flowers white to cream, arranged in a many-flowered inflorescence, axillary, appearing just before the young leaves, pedicels up to 3 mm long.
Fruits : Fruit drupe, up to 6 cm long, resembling a small mango.
Seeds : Seed 1.

Habitat and ecology :

Common in moist deciduous and evergreen forest.

Distribution :

India (North East), Burma (Myanmar), Malay Peninsula, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo) Thailand, Indochina, Laos (Khammouan).

Remark/notes/uses :
Low quality timber used in contruction and as fire-wood, easily attached by termites. The seeds are edible and an oil can be extracted from them and is used for soap and candles.

Specimens studied :
BT 138, BT 185, BT 203, BT 594, BT 638, LAO 1363 (Herbarium of Faculty of Sciences-NUoL, NHN-Leiden and CIRAD-Montpellier).

Literature :
Gardner S., Sidisunthorn P. & Anusarnsunthorn V. 2000. A field guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand. Kobfai Publishing Project. Bangkok. Thailand.

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