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Botanical descriptions Ecology Distribution Literatures
| Habit : | Trees up to 18 m tall. |
| Trunk & Bark : | Trunk often with branching thorns at base; branches of older trees unarmed; bark brownish, flaky; blaze cream. |
| Branches and Branchlets : | Branchlets terete, glabrous, lenticellate. |
| Leaves : | Leaves simple, alternate, distichous; stipule caducous; petiole 0.6-1.3 cm long, glabrous; lamina 6-11.5 x1.5-5 cm, elliptic to lanceolate, apex gradually acuminate, base acute or cuneate, slightly asymmetric, crenate-serrate at margin, coriaceous, glabrous; midrib flat above; secondary_nerves 6-8 pairs, ascending, lower most two pairs closer and oblique; tertiary_nerves reticulo-percurrent. |
| Inflorescence / Flower : | Flowers in axillary racemes, white with many stamens. |
| Fruit and Seed : | Berry, globose, apiculate, to 2 cm across; seeds 2-6, semilunar. |